With the rapid development of machine learning, the demand for high-efficient computing becomes more and more urgent. To break the bottleneck of the traditional Von Neumann architecture, computing-in-memory (CIM) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this work, to provide a feasible CIM solution for the large-scale neural networks (NN) requiring continuous weight updating in online training, a flash-based computing-in-memory with high endurance (10⁹ cycles) and ultra-fast programming speed is investigated. On the one hand, the proposed programming scheme of channel hot electron injection (CHEI) and hot hole injection (HHI) demonstrate high linearity, symmetric potentiation, and a depression process, which help to improve the training speed and accuracy. On the other hand, the low-damage programming scheme and memory window (MW) optimizations can suppress cell degradation effectively with improved computing accuracy. Even after 10⁹ cycles, the leakage current (I_off) of cells remains sub-10pA, ensuring the large-scale computing ability of memory. Further characterizations are done on read disturb to demonstrate its robust reliabilities. By processing CIFAR-10 tasks, it is evident that ~90% accuracy can be achieved after 10⁹ cycles in both ResNet50 and VGG16 NN. Our results suggest that flash-based CIM has great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional Von Neumann architectures and enable high-performance NN online training, which pave the way for further development of artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators.

针对高光谱遥感图像的特征提取与地物分类，提出一种基于分数阶微分的高光谱图像特征提取方法，设计二维分数阶微分掩模提取高光谱图像的像素空间分数阶微分（SpaFD）特征，并提出一种空谱联合准则用于选取微分掩模阶数。为充分利用高光谱图像的空间特征与光谱特征，将SpaFD特征与原始特征直连融合获得SpaFD-Spe-Spa混合特征，并采用三维卷积神经网络（3DCNN）、先采用主成分分析（PCA）对像素光谱进行降维处理再送入三维卷积神经网络（3DCNN_PCA）以及采用混合光谱网络（HybridSN）验证SpaFD-Spe-Spa混合特征的有效性。实验中分别采用3✕3，5✕5和7✕7的分数阶微分掩模进行空间特征提取，4个真实高光谱图像的实验结果表明，所提取的SpaFD特征和SpaFD-Spe-Spa特征可有效提升高光谱图像的地物分类精度，且SpaFD-Spe-Spa特征对地物分类准确率的提升更为明显：SpaFD特征相比原始特征在Indian Pines，Botswana，Pavia University和Salinas 4个数据上的分类识别率在最优情况下分别提升了3.87%，1.42%，2.41%和2.87%；SpaFD-Spe-Spa特征相比原始特征在Indian Pines，Botswana，Pavia University和Salinas 4个数据上的分类识别率在最优情况下分别提升了3.90%，5.62%，3.35%和5.18%。

针对警戒激光雷达近场信号过饱和与雨、雾等天气形成的近距离虚假信号造成“虚警”或“漏警”的问题，研究了一种基于重叠因子的同轴警戒激光雷达动态范围压缩方法。由经典激光雷达方程以及同轴遮挡和激光光斑能量分布的概率密度函数，建立了激光雷达方程修正模型；针对商用警戒激光雷达进行了响应曲线测试，并与基于激光雷达方程修正模型仿真的响应曲线进行对比分析，验证模型的有效性；仿真分析了发射透镜半径、光阑半径、激光发散角、接收透镜焦距四个参数对响应曲线的影响，结果表明：光阑半径是影响响应曲线的最主要因素，增大光阑半径可以显著压缩近场信号，进而压缩响应曲线的动态范围。论文建立的激光雷达方程修正模型对激光雷达初始设计具有重要指导意义及广泛的应用前景。

The “memory wall” of traditional von Neumann computing systems severely restricts the efficiency of data-intensive task execution, while in-memory computing (IMC) architecture is a promising approach to breaking the bottleneck. Although variations and instability in ultra-scaled memory cells seriously degrade the calculation accuracy in IMC architectures, stochastic computing (SC) can compensate for these shortcomings due to its low sensitivity to cell disturbances. Furthermore, massive parallel computing can be processed to improve the speed and efficiency of the system. In this paper, by designing logic functions in NOR flash arrays, SC in IMC for the image edge detection is realized, demonstrating ultra-low computational complexity and power consumption (25.5 fJ/pixel at 2-bit sequence length). More impressively, the noise immunity is 6 times higher than that of the traditional binary method, showing good tolerances to cell variation and reliability degradation when implementing massive parallel computation in the array.